Definition and Examples of Logographs

A  logograph is a  letter, symbol, or sign used to represent a word or phrase. Adjective: logographic. Also known as a logogram. The following logographs are available on most alphabetic keyboards: $,  Ã‚ £,  Ã‚ §, , , %, , and -. In addition, the single-digit Arabic number symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) are logographic symbols. The best-known examples of a logographic writing system are Chinese and Japanese. Though originally derived from ideographs, the symbols of these languages now stand for words and syllables and do not refer directly to concepts or things (David Crystal,  The Penguin Encyclopedia, 2004). Etymology:  From the Greek, word writingPronunciation:  LO-go-graf Examples and Observations English doesnt have many logographs. Here are a few: %  £ We would read those as and, per cent, at, and pound. And in maths we have several more, such as the signs for minus, multiplied by, divided by, and square root of. Quite a few of the special signs in chemistry and physics are logographs, too.Some languages consist entirely of logographs. Chinese is the best known. Its possible to write Chinese with an alphabet like the one we use for English, but the traditional way of writing the language is to use logographs—though theyre usually called characters when we talk about Chinese.(David Crystal, A Little Book of Language. Yale University Press, 2010) Logographs in English Logographs are used in many languages, including English. When the symbol [2] is used to represent the word two in English, it is being used as a logograph. The fact that it can also be used to represent the number deux two in French and the number mbili two in Shinzwani means that, although the same sign can be used as a logograph in different languages, the way it is pronounced can be different, depending on the language in which it is functioning as a logograph. Another sign that is used as a logograph in a lot of different languages is the []. In contemporary English, it has come to mean at and is used as part of an Internet address. It works comfortably in English to say myname-at-myinternetaddress, but this doesnt work as well in some other languages.(Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer, The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology, 2nd ed. Cengage, 2009) Logographs in Texting What novelty there is in texting lies chiefly in the way it takes further some of the processes used in the past. . . . There are no less than four processes combined in iowan2bwu I only want to be with you: full word an initialism a shortened word two logograms an initialism a logogram.(David Crystal, 2b or not 2b? The Guardian [UK], July 5, 2008) Processing Logographs Whereas earlier studies had indicated that  logographs are  processed by the right and alphabets by the left hemisphere of the brain, [Rumjahn] Hoosain provides more recent data suggesting that both are processed in the left, though possibly in different areas of the left. (Insup Taylor and David R.  Olson, Introduction to  Scripts and Literacy: Reading and Learning to Read Alphabets, Syllabaries, and Characters. Springer, 1995)

Deregulation Deregulation And Deregulation - 1164 Words

Deregulation When the government diminishes or eradicates industry restrictions to improve, the ease of doing business it is called deregulation. This happens when businesses complain the regulation impedes the company s ability to compete, particularly with foreign countries. In addition, a consumer can also promote deregulation when they deem the industry is too comfortable with their regulatory authority (Amadeo, 2014). Nonetheless, the government will enforce regulation in the market if they feel it will be a benefit to society as in the case of public utilities. If these types of services were deregulated, it would increase the cost and the consumer would suffer (Valkonen, 2006). There are three ways deregulation can happen, Congress can vote to abolish the law, an agency can eliminate the regulation, sometimes under Executive Order, or the agency can merely stop enforcing the regulation. Nevertheless, our government will also deregulate a firm if they feel the firm has to larg e of a share in the industry and is charging the consumer unfairly for the product or service they are providing (Amadeo, 2014). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Deregulation When there is lack of competition in a market, it ensures firm s safe future, and large market share. However, the lack of competition also breeds inefficiency, as the firm has no incentive to increase production or invest in innovation to improve upon the product or services they are providing. Only when thereShow MoreRelatedPrivatization And Deregulation Of Privatization1680 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom government intervention (Harvey, 2005, p. 64). 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Mousel, PhD Railroad Deregulation ins EU and US Railways were the leading innovation in the early 19th century, and economic long cycle research (Ayres 1990) has argued it to have sullen the economic wealth in that time (industrialization, and especially steam power, iron and cotton textiles were the enabling factoring in the first approx. 55 year long wave). AfterRead More Airline Deregulation Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pages On October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has thereRead MoreThe Effects of Deregulation on Global Economy1646 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Thesis: Deregulation has more negative effects on global economy than positive. Deregulation, this word is heard on the news, economists use this word quite often, and government officials are somewhat terrified of this word. What does deregulation mean? Deregulation is the process in which a government may remove or reduce certain restrictions in matters of business to have a more efficient operation of markets. By observing the effects that deregulation can cause on an economy, canRead MoreAirline Deregulation1054 Words   |  5 PagesOn October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has thereRead MoreThe Deregulation Act Of The United States882 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes not relate to airlines profit. Steven A. Morrison, the chair of the Department of Economics at Northeastern University, discusses the deregulation affects in his article. Although he evaluates deregulation to be good for the consumers, he argues that the deregulation act has been detrimental to the airlines despite the increase in load factors. Deregulation has created ever-increasing competition that even after mergers, increased efficiency and load factors, the continuous pressure of keepingRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1291 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry wasRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1398 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industryRead MoreThe Act Of Texas And The Sunset Advisory Commission ( Sac )1586 Words   |  7 Pages(Gaebler 6). This would mean that RTs along with 18 other programs would not have to hold a state license to practice their craft (Sunset 52). Deregulation may sound like a good idea on paper, however in practice, it is anything but. The potential negative outcomes in the form of patient harm and possible death would far outweigh any benefit. Deregulation of respiratory therapists in Texas began in the government as a proposal, was fought against by those who say the potential danger in the ideaRead MoreA Report On The Taxi Industry1559 Words   |  7 PagesTreasury. As the title of the article indicates, the author found some papers that show the taxi industry in Sydney is over regulated under some regulations, which are regulations of industry structure, quantity, services and prices. The cost of taxi deregulation is lower than taxi regulation. The article shows a conclusion that the productive forces and services revenue would be greater if other rules which restrict taxi services were canceled. The NSW government does not make any changes because of insufficient

Kartinyeri V Commonwealth-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Explain the interpretive question concerning the application of section 51(xxvi) to Indigenous people that the High Court had to resolve in Kartinyeri. 2.Suppose that a successful referendum resulted in a change to the Constitution and the establishment of a First Nations Voice to advise Parliament on law-making with respect to Indigenous affairs, as called for in the Uluru Statement from the Heart and the Final Report of the Referendum Council. Would, or should, this make any difference to the interpretation of laws enacted under section51(xxvi) that apply to Indigenous people? Answers: 1.Kartinyeri v Commonwealth[1] is amongst the leading cases of the High Court in the matter of interpretation of Constitutions section 51 (xxvi) and this matter was related to the application of this section to the Australian Indigenous people. This section provides that the Australian Parliament could legislate in the matter related to people of any race, save for the aboriginal race in any of the States, and for them, it was obligatory to create special laws. This section had been deliberately included in the nations constitution so that the commonwealth could be allowed to discriminate against a particular section in the community owing to their race[2]. Kartinyeri was a case where the minister had the declaration making power for safeguarding the Aboriginal areas. A group of women made a claim that the island was being used for the secret business of women and the same could not be disclosed to the men. After a woman being appointed for carrying an enquiry, the minister was allowed to make recommendations. There were problems in this enquiry and this led to the government passing an act in order to go ahead with the bridge and for going ahead even with the objections of Aboriginals. The key issue in this case was whether or not the commonwealth could pass legislation under the race power which was actually disadvantageous for the racial group[3]. This decision remained undecided as the court was split in their decision. Two judges, Hayne and Gummow, believed that this could be done. This was because the power could be used for both the detriment and the benefit. The reason for this decision was given as the requirement for this power to be enacted in a valid manner only when the same was done for the benefit of the Aboriginal people; hence this was rejected. As per these two judges, there were no constitution requirements that the law of the commonwealth could not distinguish between the responsibilities and needs of the different localities or people. Section 51 (xxvi), in these judges view, did not limit the legislation to laws, which is applicable to the people of any race[4]. They also suggested the limit under this section based on the phrase of deemed necessary[5]. Though, the argument regarding the related limitations to be drawn from the 1967 referendum circumstances was rejected. Another argument which was rejected w as regarding the interpretation of 1997 act in order for it to be consistent with the human rights standards applicable under the international laws[6]. However, there were two other judges, Kirby JJ and Gaudron, who believed that this power was not to be used for a purpose which was disadvantage for the racial minority; and so, this law would be invalid. So, these two judges did suggest the limitations based on section 51 (xxvi)[7]. Kirby believed that the law did not require the members of the race to be directed; though, they may be needed to validly deal with the subgroup. The last two judges, McHugh and Brennan did not consider this powers scope. They did not make any decision on section 51 (xxvi) to be subjected to such limitations. The conclusion given by the court reaffirmed the interpretative principle which was highlighted earlier. And as per this, in cases of ambiguity in the constitution, the universal fundamental rights had to be conformed with[8]. 2.In case of a successful referendum being passed, for making changes to the Constitution of the nation, whereby a Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander First nations Voice (Voice) would be established, which would be responsible for advising the Parliament on the issues of law making, which relate to the Indigenous affairs, as set out in the Final Report of the Referendum Council and the Uluru Statement from the Heart, would definitely make a difference in the manner of law interpretation of section (xxvi) which is applicable to the Indigenous people of the nation. The first and foremost difference which this would bring is a decision being given in the cases like Kartinyeri, which otherwise resulted in an indecisive situation. If Voice would be established, it could certainly make it clear before the High Court that the power granted under section 51(xxvi) could not be used for the detriment of the Indigenous people. This would be due to the backing which could be highlighted by the Voice regarding the need for upholding the international human rights, aligned with the rights of the Indigenous people. Hence, in situations like Kartinyeri, the Voice could present the weighatge to the views of Kirby JJ and Gaudron, who also believed that this power could not be used for the detriment of the Indigenous people. Hence, section 51(xxvi), as interpreted by Hayne and Gummow could no longer be done. So, this section could no longer be used for the detriment of the Indigenous people. Further, this would bring clarity to the issue which they raised regarding this benefit to be only given to the Indigenous people. With the new reforms, this power could, to increase its scope, protect the other races too. So, this safeguard could be for any race. Though, for this to happen, the reforms would have to specifically provide this provision Bibliography Articles/ Books/ Reports Williams G, Brennan S, and Lynch A, Blackshield and Williams Australian Constitutional Law and Theory (Federation Press, 6th ed, 2014 Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998) 195 CLR 337 Australasian Legal Information Institute, Kartinyeri v Commonwealth [1998] HCA 22; 195 CLR 337; 152 ALR 540; 72 ALJR 722 (1 April 1998) (2017) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1998/22.html Fox B, Essay (2012) https://www.cefa.org.au/bowen-fox Jade, Kartinyeri v The Commonwealth (A29/1997) [1998] HCA 22 (2017) https://jade.io/article/68043 Nettheim G, The Hindmarsh Bridge Act Case: Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (2017) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/IndigLawB/1998/48.html Williams G, Inquiry into issues affecting Indigenous economic development in Queensland (9 November 2010) https://www.cabinet.qld.gov.au/documents/2011/Feb/Indigenous%20Economic%20Development%20and%20Review%20of%20Wild%20Rivers%20Bill/Attachments/wild-rivers-qg-sub%5B1%5D.pdf Williams G, The Races Power And The 1967 Referendum (2007) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUIndigLawRw/2007/95.pdf (1998) 195 CLR 337 George Williams, The Races Power And The 1967 Referendum (2007) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUIndigLawRw/2007/95.pdf Jade, Kartinyeri v The Commonwealth (A29/1997) [1998] HCA 22 (2017) https://jade.io/article/68043 Bowen Fox, Essay (2012) https://www.cefa.org.au/bowen-fox George Williams, Inquiry into issues affecting Indigenous economic development in Queensland (9 November 2010) https://www.cabinet.qld.gov.au/documents/2011/Feb/Indigenous%20Economic%20Development%20and%20Review%20of%20Wild%20Rivers%20Bill/Attachments/wild-rivers-qg-sub%5B1%5D.pdf Garth Nettheim, The Hindmarsh Bridge Act Case: Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (2017) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/IndigLawB/1998/48.html George Williams, Sean Brennan and Andrew Lynch, Blackshield and Williams Australian Constitutional Law and Theory (Federation Press, 6th ed, 2014) Australasian Legal Information Institute, Kartinyeri v Commonwealth [1998] HCA 22; 195 CLR 337; 152 ALR 540; 72 ALJR 722 (1 April 1998) (2017) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1998/22.html

Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman Essays (491 words)

Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman A major theme in ?The Yellow Wallpaper? by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is that solitary confinement and exclusion from the public results in insanity. The use of imagery and setting helps illustrate this theme throughout the story. The unnamed protagonist in this story suffers from a nervous disorder which is enhanced by her feeling of being trapped within a room. The setting of the vast colonial mansion and particularly the nursery room with barred windows provides an image of loneliness and seclusion experienced by the protagonist. Another significant setting is the mansion connected by a ?shaded lane? (66) to the beautiful bay and private wharf. It is possible that in her mind, she sees a path which leads to the curing of her illness where happiness and good health awaits at the end. The reason the lane is ?shaded? is because she is uncertain whether or not this path can be traveled. Upon moving into the mansion, she immediately becomes obsessed with the nursery room wallpaper with ?sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin? (64). Her days and nights are so uneventful that she finds relief in writing a journal which becomes more tiresome as her sickness progresses. In every few paragraphs in her journal, she analyzes the wallpaper. Through the imagery she evokes from the wallpaper, it can be seen that she is really analyzing herself and her illness subconsciously. For example, she begins to see ?a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design? (67). She describes her illness (as seen in the wallpaper) as ?not arranged on any laws of radiation, or alternation, or repetition, or symmetry, or anything else that I ever heard of? (68). In other words, she cannot make any sense of what is causing her illness. A pivotal moment in the story is when the woman protagonist is concerned only with the yellow wallpaper in her journal. In lieu of her obsession with the wallpaper, she becomes engaged in the actions of the women she sees in the wallpaper which, of course, is really her own actions. The women ?is all the time trying to climb through [the wallpaper]? (72). At this moment, she is desperate to escape her illness but she is unable to because her confinement in the room has already affected her more so than she realizes. The imagery of this situation is described when ?the pattern strangles [the women] off and turns them upside down, and makes their eyes white!? (72). In the end or in her last day at the mansion, the isolation intensifies her illness to the point where she is no longer curable and insanity takes over. The protagonist finally recognizes the fact that the women she witnesses is really her own frame of mind and proclaims ?I shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and that is hard!? (75). She believes that she has at last gained her freedom from the illness when in reality, the exact opposite has occurred. The incessant creeping is the final summation to her insanity.

The Different Elements of the Crime of Murder

The Different Elements of the Crime of Murder The crime of murder is the willful taking of another persons life. In almost all jurisdictions murder is classified as either first-degree or second-degree. First-degree murder is both the intentional and premeditated killing of a person or as it is sometimes referred to with malice aforethought, which means the killer deliberately killed out of ill will toward the victim.​ For example, Jane is tired of being married to Tom. She takes out a big life insurance policy on him, then begins to spike his nightly cup of tea with poison. Each night she adds more poison to the tea. Tom becomes gravely ill and dies as a result of the poison. Elements of First-Degree Murder Most state laws require that first-degree murders include the willfulness, deliberation, and premeditation to take a human life. It is not always required that proof of the three elements are present when certain types of killing occur. The types of killing that fall under this depend on the state, but often include: The murder of law enforcement officerUsing unreasonable force that results in the murder of a childMurder occurring in the commission of other felonies, such as rape, kidnapping, and other violent crimes. Some states qualify certain methods of killing as first-degree murder. These usually include particularly heinous acts, torturing to death, imprisonment resulting in death, and laid in wait murders. Malice Aforethought Some state laws require that for a crime to qualify as first-degree murder, the perpetrator  must have acted with malice or malice aforethought. Malice generally refers ill will towards the victim or indifference to human life. Other states require that showing malice is separate from, willfulness, deliberation, and premeditation. Felony Murder Rule Most states recognize the Felony Murder Rule which applies to a person committing first-degree murder when any death occurs, even one that is accidental, during the commission of a violent felony such as arson, kidnapping, rape, and burglary. For example, Sam and Martin hold up a convenience store. The convenience store employee shoots and kills Martin. Under the felony murder rule, Sam can be charged with first-degree murder even though he did not do the shooting. Penalties for First-Degree Murder Sentencing is state specific, but generally, sentencing for first-degree murder is the toughest sentencing and can include the death penalty in some states. States without the death penalty sometimes use a dual system where the sentence is a number of years to life (with the possibility of parole) or the with the sentence including the term, without the possibility of parole. Second-Degree Murder Second-degree murder is charged when the killing was intentional but not premeditated, but also was not done in the heat of passion. Second-degree murder can also be charged when someone is killed as a result of reckless conduct without concern for human life. For example, Tom becomes angry with his neighbor for blocking access to his driveway and runs into the house to get his gun, and returns and shoots and kills his neighbor. This could qualify as second-degree murder because Tom did not plan to kill his neighbor in advance and getting his gun and shooting his neighbor was intentional. Penalties and Sentencing for Second-Degree Murder Generally, the sentencing for second-degree murder, depending on the aggravating and mitigating factors, the sentence can be for any range of time such as 18 years to life. In federal cases, judges use the Federal Sentencing Guidelines which is a point system that helps to determine the appropriate or average sentence for the crime.

Improving Media Literacy in Lower Education Research Paper

Improving Media Literacy in Lower Education - Research Paper Example As the report declares media literacy is especially important among children and youths upon whom the future of America and the world depends. This is because; by being media literate these individuals are better equipped to interpret complex messages from all forms of media including the internet, newspapers, television, magazines, radio, music, and marketing materials, among others. Another important aspect of media literacy is the fact that it equips people with the skills to create innovative media forms and become active partisans in the prevailing media culture. According to the research findings there are numerous media literacy tools presently in use in America, there is need to conduct extensive assessment research to establish the most effective ones. This process is made difficult by the fact that there are varying theoretical and educational foundations upon which the media literacy programs are established. With the extant literature on media literacy it is evident that many researchers concede that it is preferable to integrate emerging concepts of media literacy into existing education curricula, instead of teaching the concepts within a detached context. Many scholars appear to support the notion that these emergent media tools must gradually replace the traditional ones. For instance, many researchers consider traditional tools of investigative journalism to be outdated. It is for this reason that, they deem modern media tools like first-person documentaries to be the most appropriate investigative methods. ... any researchers concede that it is preferable to integrate emerging concepts of media literacy into existing education curricula, instead of teaching the concepts within a detached context. However, many scholars appear to support the notion that these emergent media tools must gradually replace the traditional ones. For instance, many researchers consider traditional tools of investigative journalism to be outdated. It is for this reason that, they deem modern media tools like first-person documentaries to be the most appropriate investigative methods. This is because; the producers of such films play a crucial role in informing members of the public about occurrence of destructive societal vices like malevolence and corruption (Herrick 45-56). These forms of documentaries, also popularly referred to as personal documentaries are films produced by a person. This is unlike traditional documentaries, which are filmed, edited and produced by a studio. First-person documentaries narrate actual events as they occur and, therefore, report factual realities as opposed to highly altered content. Josh Fox and Michael Moore are two of the most prominent personal documentary makers, who have led this revolution in journalism. Some of these filmmakers’ documentaries have instigated debate in mainstream American society, prompting me to understand the role played by this genre of film to promote social change. The filmmakers are occasionally perceived to be advocates of societal development and betterment of the public. This is a role that television journalists have gradually deserted, as they focus of the most profitable stories. Therefore, these personal documentaries are increasingly becoming useful learning tools as technology advances, and as more people gain the ability

QUESTIONS IS LISTED BELOW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

QUESTIONS IS LISTED BELOW - Essay Example Although company has maintained its performance in the year 2009 and sold more than 1.7 billion of unit cases of juices, still, the increasing competition in the global market is raising concerns for the company. In this report, the analysis of the company will be done by analysing its operations in different world markets. Finally, based on analysis, a conclusion and recommendations will be presented. Coca Cola is offering a variety of beverages and drinks worldwide and the products of the company can be categorised into different groups including Energy drinks, Juices, Soft drinks, Sports drinks, Tea and Coffee, Water and others (Coca Cola website, n.d.). It is interesting to note that the soft drinks of the company are being considered as the trademark of Coca Cola however, different drinks are very popular among local communities. In order to explain how Coca Cola is targeting the local regions and communities, I will like to quote an example. Appollinaris is one of the product brands of Coca Cola and it comes under â€Å"water drink type†. This mineral water is available in three flavours including apple, lemon and normal or unflavoured water. Moreover, Appollinaris is only available in Germany and New Caledonia. Similarly, the soft drink of Coca Cola is available in different flavours including Cola, Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lemon, Cola Orange, Cola Green Tea, Cola Lime and Cola Raspberry (Coca Cola Website, n.d.). This example shows that Coca Cola is not pursuing standardised strategy but it has been introducing products based on the needs of the market where it operates. The major reason which is posing great threats for the company is the external environment and the market changes. The market changes include the regulatory changes and socio economic changes. The mission statement of the company also shows that the two long term objectives of